Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland. PSA elevation is not very specific and may be elevated in the bloodstream for a number of reasons. Some of these reasons include prostate inflammation, infection (prostatitis), recent ejaculation, enlarged prostate, instrumentation of the urinary tract and prostate cancer.
PSA, along with digital rectal exam (DRE), is often used in prostate cancer screening. For most men at average risk of developing prostate cancer, it is recommended to begin prostate cancer screening around age 50.
Elevated PSA level by itself does not cause any symptoms. Elevated PSA, however, may be a sign of an underlying urologic condition, and some of these conditions may cause the following symptoms:
Elevated PSA is usually detected with a blood test. A second PSA may be obtained to confirm the result of the initial test.
Patient’s medical history, physical examination, urine testing and sometimes imaging is then obtained and performed to determine the possible cause or causes of the elevated PSA.
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of elevated PSA. Below are some possible causes and the most common treatments:
No, elevated PSA level does not always indicate cancer. High PSA can be due to many other benign non-cancerous causes.
The gold standard test to rule out prostate cancer is a prostate biopsy.
If your PSA level is high and you haven’t yet seen an urologist, it is recommended you schedule an appointment with one as soon as possible for evaluation and guidance.
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