Hematuria is a common urologic condition where blood is present grossly or detected microscopically in the urine. Causes of blood in the urine are many and may include urinary tract infection and/or inflammation, trauma, strenuous exercise, kidney or bladder stones, enlarged prostate gland, kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and urethral cancer.
There are also many non urologic causes of hematuria and these include nephrological (such as various medical kidney diseases) and gynecological causes (examples include menstruation, vaginitis, cervical cancer, uterine cancer).
Hematuria may or may not be symptomatic. Some symptoms that may accompany hematuria include:
Diagnosis of hematuria is relatively straightforward, especially in cases of gross hematuria where direct visualization of bloody urine establishes the diagnosis. Microscopic hematuria can be identified by microscopically examining the urine.
Once the diagnosis of hematuria is established, a thorough evaluation is necessary to identify the possible causes. This evaluation may include:
Treatment for hematuria will vary depending on the underlying cause. Some examples include:
If you notice visible blood in your urine, it is strongly recommended you call your doctor right away or consult with an urologist.
The most serious cause of blood in the urine is cancer. Cancer of the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and sometimes prostate cancer can present with hematuria.
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