Hydronephrosis refers to fluid accumulation within one or both kidneys. This fluid is actually urine and it may accumulate secondary to a blockage somewhere along the ureter or bladder. It may also be present because of an anatomical dilation of that part of the kidney without an actual blockage.
Hydronephrosis is a common condition and has many possible causes.
Some of the possible causes may include:
Symptoms from hydronephrosis may include:
Diagnosis is usually established using a combination of imaging studies. These studies may include CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound and/or a nuclear scan. Additionally, surgical procedures such as cystoscopy and ureteroscopy (where a small camera is introduced into the bladder and ureter) may be recommended as part of a diagnostic evaluation.
Treatment for hydronephrosis will depend on the underlying cause.
For instance, if you have a ureteral stone obstructing a kidney and causing hydronephrosis, the treatment would involve removing the stone and resolving the hydronephrosis.
Hydronephrosis, when significant and long standing, can lead to irreversible kidney damage. It is, therefore, strongly advised to promptly address any hydronephrosis and not delay the recommended treatment.
Ureteral stents (narrow plastic tubes placed to bypass a blockage) are commonly utilized in managing hydronephrosis. They can be used in both a temporary and permanent fashion.
Hydronephrosis can be dangerous, especially if severe and prolonged. If not addressed in a timely fashion it may lead to irreversible kidney damage.
Kidney obstruction refers to a condition where urine is accumulating within the kidney and is unable to pass through to the bladder secondary to a blockage. This build up of urine can lead to increased back pressure within the kidney which in turn can lead to irreversible kidney injury, kidney infection and back pain.
Hydronephrosis usually requires some form of surgical intervention, especially if it is due to an obstruction that is unlikely to resolve on its own.
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